China is currently facing its once-in-a-decade
transfer of power. The leaders of the Communist Party under lead of Hu Jintao will
retire, and a new generation so-called 5th generation will take the
over under lead of Xi Jinping.
The sweeping changes come in a critical time in
China’s modern history. The economic model that has enabled decades of rapid
growth having become unsustainable, social unrest is rising and international resistance
to China’s policies is increasing. Already reported social issues in regards to
an aging population, as well as international conflicts with Japan, spurs the
domestic unrest.
Power
transitions in the People’s Republic of China have always been fraught with uncertainty.
This is a consequence of the fact that the state’s founding leader, Mao Zedong, did not establish a formal succession
process before he died, creating power struggles and a lack of institutionalized
procedures for power transition.
The 5th generation
of Chinese leaders has been shaped by a time period in which China has
prioritized to become a global economic power and increase industrial progress.
The new leadership is by many scholars seen as increasingly nationalistic and is
expected to expand the military budget.
The generation shift in
Chinese politics is a very important event in global history – apart from the
fact that the Chinese policies will affect the whole world as the second
largest economy, the uncertainty and lack of institutionalized procedures for leadership
transition can give incentive for the government to state its power and legitimacy.
The Communist Party’s leaders are eager to prove the case that their authorial
system can manage China better than a multiparty democracy could. Mobilizing
public support has historically been done by creating a stronger national
identity nationalistic propaganda. The current instability between Japan and
China may take a dangerous turn if China is becoming increasingly military and
nationalistic. Adding to it, the American military politics has shifted focus
from the Middle East to the Pacific Rim. This makes the Chinese military policies
even more determining for the country’s international relationships.